System for the remote data acquisition and control of electric energy meters

ABSTRACT

A system for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of electricity meters comprises a central server AMM in bi-directional communication with a plurality of concentrators. To each concentrator, a set of electricity meters is connected, such that bi-directional communication between each meter and its associated concentrator is possible. The intelligence of the system is distributed between the central server, the concentrators and the electricity meters. To this end, each meter comprises at least a first processor, a first data memory and a first program memory for bi-directional communication with the associated concentrator. The first data memory serves to at least temporarily store and/or transmit the data which have already undergone a first processing by the first processor. Each of the concentrators comprises a second processor, a second program memory and a second data memory as well as means for a bi-directional communication with a central server. The second data memory serves to temporarily store and/or transmit the data processed by the second processor.

This application is the US national phase of international application PCT/EP02/14687 filed 20 Dec. 2002, which designated the US. PCT/EP02/14687 claims priority to IT Application No. MI2001A002726 filed 20 Dec. 2001. The entire contents of these applications are incorporated herein by reference.

The invention applies in particular to the field of electric energy distribution to a plurality of users spread over the territory; but, more generally, it can also be applied to other services, as for example the distribution of water and gas, or for district heating.

The invention satisfies the requirement—which has arisen since a few years on a worldwide basis, especially in the technically more developed countries—to carry out the remote reading of the electric energy consumptions and, if desired, to apply different rates when invoicing the users, also of domestic type. A problem of this type has already been described, for example, in the Italian Patent No. 1.232.195, filed on Oct. 26, 1988 by the same Applicant, or in the document U.S. Pat. No. 4,803,632.

This requirement has arisen, and has increasingly developed, not only due to economical reasons, but also due to the need to establish further transparency and efficiency in the contractual relationships with the customers, in a market which is progressively getting more and more liberalized.

In this background, supported by the technological evolutions in the field of componentry technology, a certain number of technical solutions, systems or methodologies have been proposed, which intend to solve the problems connected with this situation.

The approach which associates these different studies can be summed up in a network which makes use of varied forms of communication to put into contact the peripheral points of the system (electricity meters in the targets of the users) with a supervision unit designed to conduct the procedures deemed helpful, time after time, to reach the intended objects.

Said contact is obtained through a direct communication between the supervision unit (generally a server with a high processing power) and the peripheral electricity meters, as described for example in WO-98/10299, or by interposing in this pyramid at least an intermediate hierarchic level, as proposed in WO-98/10394. Examples of these proposals can also be found in other patents, for example EP-A2-0.723.358 or WO-99/46564.

Nevertheless, the greatest majority of these projects has very often remained at the stage of purely unrealistic attempts or laboratory achievements, while the few proposals which have evolved up to reaching the level of an industrial type achievement have reached no appreciable results in terms of diffusion and use. The reasons for which such proposals have found no application on a vast scale lie in the fact that the industrial products obtained are not apt to guarantee the required performances when applied to situations involving a very high number of targets of users, as it generally happens in the case of electric energy consumptions.

The main object of the present invention is therefore to propose a system allowing, on one hand, the remote acquisition of data from the targets of users and, on the other hand, also the remote control of such targets, so as to be able to satisfy the present requirements of all those companies which—like the companies distributing electric energy, water, gas and the like—operate in the presence of a high number of targets of users spread over the territory. To give an indication as to what is meant by “a high number of targets of users” it can be recalled that the company ENEL (National Company for Electric Energy) deals at present with about thirty million targets of users.

A further object of the present invention is to propose a system apt to guarantee both a regular and continuous working, and a capacity of survival also in the case of blackouts of any type.

According to the present invention, said objects are reached with a system making use—in a manner known per se—of a single operating unit connected to the targets of users through a plurality of intermediate stations, said system having the characteristics pointed out in the characterizing part of claim 1.

Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will anyhow result more evident from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof, given by mere way of non-limiting example and partially illustrated on the accompanying drawing, the only figure of which shows a diagram of the structure of the system according to the invention. Said diagram substantially represents the set-up of the Italian territory at the filing date of the present patent application: it is meant to supervise and control about twenty-seven million electricity meters distributed over the whole territory. It is anyhow understood that this diagram merely represents an example and that it should in no way be considered as limiting the present invention.

Thus, according to a first aspect of the present invention, such a vast set-up as that illustrated on the drawing, is obtained,

-   -   on the one hand, by distributing the electricity meters CE         according to area units A1 . . . An and connecting the meters of         each unit to a respective common concentrator C-BT1 . . . C-BTn.         Each of said units A1 . . . An comprises a limited number of         electricity meters CE; by the term “limited” is meant a         relatively small number of meters CE, preferably between 50 and         300, determined by the vastness of the territory or area served         thereby, or by other factors, also commercial, connected with         the territory taken into consideration;     -   on the other hand, by distributing a plurality of said         concentrators C-BT1 . . . C-BTn over the whole territory being         served, and by then connecting such concentrators to a single         central server AMM. By the term “plurality” is here meant a         number higher—by at least one, but also by two orders of         magnitude—than the number of electricity meters CE of a unit,         for example a number higher than 100,000 concentrators, in the         case being illustrated 330.000 concentrators.

According to a fundamental characteristic of the present invention, once a network of this type has been created, one provides not to concentrate the processing capacity, namely the intelligence of the system, merely in the central server AMM—as substantially done in prior art—but to distribute it between the three aforementioned components, namely the central server AMM, the concentrators C-BT1 . . . C-BTn, and the electricity meters CE. The principle adopted for this distribution is what allows to find the way for the communication lines to no longer have to transmit a considerable amount of data to be processed, but only a reduced amount of data, which has already been at least partially processed.

Substantially, to allow a system involving such high numbers and functional performances as those illustrated to work efficiently, with no delays and without any jams, the present invention proposes to adopt the principle of distributing the processing power

-   -   as far as it is reasonable from the economical point of view—as         much as possible onto the peripheral units CE and on the         concentrators C-BT1 . . . C-BTn, to such an extent as to make         such units as autonomous as possible (even acting in         “stand-alone” conditions in case of interruption on the         communication lines, or giving up part of the functional         performances, if necessary). By acting in this way, it has been         achieved to weigh as less as possible on the communication         systems, by actually transferring merely the “processed data”,         rather than the entire amount of elementary data, and thereby         obtaining some important results, such as:     -   a simplification of the processings required for the central         server;     -   a reduced communication load;     -   the availability of considerable amounts of useful band for the         purpose of supporting any eventual additional services.

The principle that has lead to the achievement of the present invention may find its origin in the fact of having reproduced a virtual (but totally faithful) image of the electricity meter CE inside the concentrator C-BT.

Virtually, it is as if in the concentrator there existed an “alias” of the electricity meter, which is continuously updated by the concentrator in a predetermined manner, by withdrawing data from the actual electricity meter (such data being processed autonomously or following controls being received). This image electricity meter is thus, in actual fact, constantly available on the concentrator for the transactions and the exchange of data, or for receiving controls and/or programs from the server.

This set-up allows furthermore to use in “stand-alone” conditions both the single electricity meter CE and the area units A1 . . . An formed by the single concentrator C-BT and by the electricity meters CE of the area unit controlled thereby; thus, without the supervision of the server in real time but, for example, through a periodic reading of the data from the concentrator by means of a portable terminal.

To obtain this result, a further structural feature of the system thus formed lies in the fact that each of the meters CE incorporates, as well as means to measure the power consumptions, substantially known per se, also

-   -   means to transduce the measured values into measuring data meant         to be processed,     -   at least a first processor to process said measuring data,     -   at least a first data memory and a first programme memory, and     -   first means for the bi-directional transmission towards the         associated concentrator,     -   the output of said first processor being connected to said first         data memory and/or to said first bi-directional transmission         means, so as to at least temporarily store and/or respectively         transmit the data, which has already undergone a first         processing.

Likewise, each concentrator incorporates

-   -   at least a second programme memory,     -   at least a second microprocessor for further processing said         data processed by the meters,     -   at least a second data memory to store the data issued by said         meters and/or by said second microprocessor,     -   and second means for the bi-directional transmission towards the         central server,

the output of said second processor being connected to said second data memory and/or to said second bi-directional transmission means, so as to at least temporarily store and/or respectively transmit said further processed data.

The connection, for the transmission of data, between the meters CE and the concentrators C-BT is preferably obtained through wave transmission systems, using the same power supply conductors that connect the meters CE to the low voltage power supply substations, e.g. the secondary substations, where the concentrators C-BT are positioned. Whereas, the connection between the concentrators C-BT1 . . . C-BTn and the central server AMM is obtained, by preference, through a telephone network, whether it is a specific or a general-purpose network. A very suitable telephone network for this purpose would be the GSM or any other public mobile telephone network or any other existing wireless public telephone network, e.g., a satellite based wireless telephone network. If such a network is employed, it is advantageous to establish dial up connections between the concentrator C-BT and the central server AMM on demand or according to a schedule which can be predefined or dependent on an operating condition of the concentrator C-BT or the central server AMM.

If a predefined schedule is adopted, the AMM or the C-BT will try to establish a connection between the AMM and the C-BT at predetermined times during a day, week or month, at which times it can be assumed that a certain amount of data or commands which require to be transmitted, has been collected and buffered in the concentrator and/or in the AMM, respectively. If the schedule is dependent on an operating condition of the AIMM and/or the C-BT, a dial up connection will be established as soon as a certain amount of data and/or commands which require transmission, have been collected or if certain alarm conditions have been detected which require to be reported without delay. In any case, after the data and/or commands have been transmitted, the connection is terminated.

With a structure of the system thus conceived, the respective measuring—which also forms an important characteristic of the present invention—ends up by being strictly tied to the functions which each of the three components of the system should perform.

In particular, each electricity meter of the system according to the invention is dimensioned so that said first processor incorporated therein is apt to perform at least the functions of: (1) acquisition of the electric energy consumptions, (5) distribution of the power consumptions into different scales of charges, (12) estimate of the tampering attempts and control of an antifraud device, (25) transfer and maintenance of the stored data at least during the voltage drop.

Likewise, each concentrator of the system according to the invention is dimensioned so that said second processor incorporated therein is apt to perform, as well as the double function of master of the PLC (power line carrier) network, for what concerns the communications on the power supply line between the actual concentrator and the electricity meters and, respectively, of node of the TLC network, for what concerns the communications on the telephone line between the concentrator and the central server, at least the following additional functions: (11) execution of an energy balance for what concerns the single cabin of electric energy supply into which the concentrator is positioned, (14) constant monitoring of the working conditions of each electricity meter connected thereto and issue of an alarm signal in case the self-diagnostics of the meter should indicate a malfunction.

Finally, the server or central unit of the system according to the invention is dimensioned so that its processor is apt to guarantee at least the following functions: (8) automatic control of the operations of disconnection, reconnection, suspension, delayed payments and contract variations, (10) selective cut-off of the power supply due to requirements of the electric system, and (26) downloading of the operating programs.

A more complete list—to be however considered as a non-limiting example—of the functions which the system according to the present invention is apt to perform, can be summed up in the following points, wherein an initial brief definition is followed by a more detailed explanation of the function connected therewith:

-   -   1. Measurement and acquisition of the electric energy         consumptions. The known type electromechanical electricity         meters, adopted in the present power consumption system, are apt         to measure only one type of electric energy consumption, active         or reactive; if both measurements are required, it is hence         necessary to install two distinct electricity meters. The         electronic electricity meter according to the present invention         is instead apt to simultaneously measure both the active energy         consumptions and the reactive energy consumptions.     -   2. Accuracy rating. According to standards, the electricity         meter measures in class 1 for the active energy and in class 2         for the reactive energy.     -   3. Acquisition and registration of the consumptions profile. For         each user it is possible to detect the charging curve, with a         programmable integration period, particularly in the range from         1 minute to 1 hour. Thanks to the processing capacity of the         electricity meter it is possible to reckon the elapse of         consecutive time intervals and, for each of them, to memorize         the power consumption inside the same.     -   4. Measurement and recording of the average and peak power. The         electromechanical electricity meters normally used in the power         consumption system are apt to measure only one type of power,         active or reactive; if both measurements are required, it is         hence necessary to install two electricity meters, as already         mentioned for the electric energy consumptions. The electronic         electricity meter according to the present invention is instead         apt to simultaneously measure both the active power and the         reactive power.     -   5. Distribution of the electric energy consumptions into         different scales of charges. Thanks to its processing capacity,         the electricity meter is apt to establish a table of different         time scales in the space of a day, thereby making it possible to         set out for each of them a respective cost value for the         electric energy used up. The electricity meter is thus apt to         integrate the consumptions with reference to the table of costs         and to memorize, in the invoicing period, the total consumption         of each time scale. In addition to this, said table of costs can         be programmed not only on the basis of time profiles but also on         the basis of power thresholds.     -   6. Control of several invoicing periods. It is possible to         control at least two invoicing periods (present and previous),         also at variable intervals.     -   7. Control of two electric energy supply contracts. In the power         range up to 35 kw, it is possible to control two electric energy         supply contracts, namely an existing contract and the one to be         applied in future. The electricity meter can be programmed to         automatically switch over the contract—from the present one to         the future one—upon reaching of a given date.     -   8. Control of the operations of disconnection and reconnection.         These operations can be carried out automatically in relation to         situations of discontinuance, suspension for delayed payments,         contract variations. Thanks to its processing capacity, the         electricity meter carries out these operations on the basis of         remote controls (from the central server or from the respective         concentrator) through the PLC network. It is hence not necessary         for an operator to physically go on the site where the         electricity meter is installed.     -   9. Possibility to operate in conditions of prepayment. The         electricity meter can be programmed so as to compare the amount         of electric energy used up with a preset limit (eventually apt         to be modified by an external control) corresponding to a         payment carried out in advance; as soon as said limit has been         exceeded, the electric energy supply is automatically         disconnected and suspended.     -   10. Selective cut-off for requirements of the electric system.         The cut-off or suspension of the power supply can be necessary,         generally on a local level, in case of blackout risks or of         temporary overloads. This function is not implemented in a         broadcast mode, but it is instead specifically addressed to each         single electricity meter. From the centre (central server or         concentrator) it is possible to send to the electricity meters,         via PLC, a control for example to modify the highest power         available in the actual meter, with a temporary effect, that is         with no need to alter the power supply contract; this allows to         obtain a lightening of the overall power required from the         cabin.     -   11. Execution of an energy balance. At the level of a single         cabin, or of a single concentrator, it is possible to do the sum         of the measurements of the power consumption drawn from the         single electricity meters depending from said cabin. This         sum—periodically compared to the value of the total electric         current withdrawn, or with the mean electric current         value—supplies a useful indication to detect any non-standard         electric current withdrawals and, therefore, also any         unauthorized withdrawals.     -   12. Antifraud/tampering function. At the level of each         electricity meter, a device is provided to perform this specific         function, which is thus apt to eliminate the requirement to use         seals and to periodically check the integrity of such seals. The         change of power, available by contract, does not require—as         said—to open the electricity meter in order to adjust the         measuring equipment (shunt); it has thus been possible to         realize the electricity meter as a sealed single block structure         containing all the functions of measurement, control of the         contracts, control of the opening/closing circuit of the power         line. For the purpose of checking any possible attempts to open         the sealed structure in the electricity meter, an         electromechanical device has thus been incorporated which         produces an alarm signal on the network of the system and said         alarm signal can be removed only by adopting a procedure         available to the operators.     -   13. Measuring and recording quality parameters of the service.         The microprocessor incorporated in each electricity meter is apt         to verify and memorize interruptions of electric energy supply         and voltage variations (deviation of the voltage from the         nominal value foreseen in the electric energy supply contract).         On the basis of this data, it is possible to determine the         quality parameters of the service at the level of each delivery         point of the electric energy being supplied.     -   14. Constant monitoring of the working conditions. The         microprocessor incorporated in each electricity meter is apt to         periodically verify (self-diagnostics) the conditions of the         various hardware components of said meter and the congruency of         the data stored in the memory. In case there should be any         malfunctions, it is possible both to signal the same with         appropriate service words (which are then read by the central         system), and to start immediate recovery procedures.     -   15. Possibility of bi-directional transmission of information.         The system according to the invention allows not only to carry         out operations directly connected to the supply of the service         for which the system has been conceived, but also to send to the         electricity meter and receive from the same other types of         information (“information provider” service). The electricity         meter can display such information on its own visual display         unit, or else transfer it onto other devices connected to the         electric line of the user, downstream of the electricity meter,         or even draw it therefrom; such devices are directly interfaced         with the electricity meter via PLC, or else through a         bridge-device acting as an intermediate bridge and communicating         directly with the electricity meter via PLC. This gives the         possibility to other subjects to use the system according to the         invention as a remote control system allowing to connect oneself         to ones own devices at the user's site.     -   16. Management of a calendar clock. Having allocated to the         meter the calculation of consumptions as a function of the scale         of charges, said meter requires a precise time reference (±30         sec/month); this is obtained by means of local electronic         circuitry (RealTimeClock), the state of which may be remotely         verified and synchronised (through external controls, via PLC or         optical gate ZVEI) and corrected, if need be, in case of         excessive variations.     -   17. Set of displayable data. On the local display of the meter         (for example of the 16×1 alphanumeric+icons type), a whole         series of data may be programmed. The presence of electronic         components allows to provide additional functions such as         locally displaying to the user consumptions and costs data,         generic messages or messages providing information about the         service, or indicating the functional state of said meter to the         service staff (diagnostics).     -   18. Opening the power circuit. A modular element equipped with a         suitable releasing element apt to be opened by remote control is         integrated into the meter. A single box hosts both the         electronic components apt to perform the meter functions         described so far, and the electromechanical components apt to         open/close the electrical power line. This way, the         electromechanical components, besides operating autonomously at         the highest power, may also be directed on request of the         central unit or in the presence of local conditions detected by         the electronic part (e.g. when the contract expires).     -   19. Quick installation of the meter. Having to replace a high         number of devices at users' locations in a short time, the         invention provides a meter group in two parts, namely a wedge as         a base and a controlling and managing body, the two parts being         connectable through connecting pliers and a bayonet joint.     -   20. Local interconnectability with external devices. The PLC         communication system requires the availability of complex         hardware and software means. In order to guarantee both the         accessibility of the data contained in the concentrators and         meters even by simple devices (e.g. handheld PCs) available to a         user, and the availability of a second communication line         substituting the network in case the latter is interrupted; an         optical ZVEI gate is also associated to the meter. Said gate         only requires the external device to have a simple RS-232 serial         gate (available in almost every PC).     -   21. Safety/protection of the PLC communication. The data         transferred from the concentrator to the meters or from the         latter to the central server have different privacy degrees. For         those not considered highly reserved, the protection mechanisms         implemented by the functions managing the PLC communication         protocol, apt to guarantee the delivery of the messages, is         sufficient. For critical data, an additional mechanism has been         added—e.g. based on an authentication key—at the level of         message interpreting and managing procedure, apt to guarantee         the non-modifiability and/or readability of said messages by         third parties outside the service.     -   22. Automatic recognition of the installation of the meter. This         function must be present for two reasons: one is technical,         related to the PLC communication mechanisms, the other is         fiscal, in order to detect potential fraud by users.

23. Distant meters reachability. The PLC communication method uses a physical support (electric line) that does not guarantee homogeneous conduction of the signal in every point of the network, for which reason meters may not be reachable by the concentrator. Therefore, the concentrator may require one or more meters (which are able “see” the non-reachable meter) to act as bridges, forwarding the message-to the non-reachable meter. It is indeed a repetition mechanism, which allows to solve the problem of reachability via network.

-   -   24. Automatic recognition of the repetition path. When informed         of the presence of a new meter, the concentrator checks its         reachability. If it is not reachable, it tries to detect one or         more different meters that can “see” the non-directly reachable         meter. These meters are detected, the detecting parameters         stored, and then subsequently used as an intermediate bridge.     -   25. Data maintenance in voltage drop conditions. The         substitution of the mechanical devices recording the consumption         (numbered knob) with electronic components (volatile memories)         would imply the loss of the consumption data if the power from         the providing company were interrupted. In order to avoid this,         a non-volatile memory, preferably a ferro electric RAM (FRAM),         has been used in the system, apt to guarantee the maintenance of         the data throughout the useful life of the electricity meter (15         years).     -   26. Downloading the managing programmes. In order to guarantee         the developing and/or corrective maintenance of the functions         performed by the programs installed in the system devices, it is         possible to modify said programs without interrupting the         fundamental activities of said devices and without having to go         where they are; the activity is performed using the PLC         communication mechanisms used by the control centre to manage         the devices.     -   27. Detection of the line switch opening. When one of the output         lines from the power supply cabin—where the concentrator is—is         out of order due to the opening of the line protection switch,         the concentrator, on the basis of the failure to communicate         with all the meters supplied by that line, indicates to the         central server an out-of-service line alarm condition.

It is however understood that this list should not be intended as limiting the scope of the invention. This description intends to highlight by way of examples how the main functions are distributed between the three components (meters, concentrators and central unit) of the system according to the invention, considered the functional abilities of these three components, as better specified hereinafter and in the claims.

In other words, in order to achieve the basic idea of the present invention, synthetically indicated as “intelligence allocation”, it is preferable that:

a) the meters be at least allocated at least one of the functions indicated at numbers 1), 5), 12) and 25); but also, preferably, the functions indicated at numbers 2), 3), 4), 6), 7) 12), 13), 16), 17) 18, 19), 20) and 25) are performed in the meters;

b) the meters be able to manage, together with the concentrators and the server, also at least one of the functions indicated at numbers 9), 14), 15), 21), 22), 23) and 26);

c) the concentrators be at least allocated at least one of the functions indicated at numbers 11) and 14), as well as those of PLC network master and TLC network node, but also, preferably, the functions indicated at numbers 20) and 24) are performed in concentrators;

d) the central server be at least allocated one or more of the functions indicated at numbers 8), 10), 17) and 26), but the function indicated at numbers 9) and 21) is also preferably performed in the central server, as well as the function, of course, of TLC network master, and other potential invoicing and managing functions (not concerning this patent application).

In other words, the intelligence of the system is distributed between the central unit, concentrators and meters so that each of these three elements of the system has its own processing ability, although limited as regards the meters, but sufficient in order to relevantly reduce the requirements of data transmission through bi-directional transmission; these requirements being limited, on the one hand, by the reduction of the quantity of transmitted data or, on the other hand, by the delay of their transmission to times when the transmission lines are less busy.

It is however understood that the invention should not be intended as limited to the particular arrangement illustrated above, which only represents an exemplary embodiment thereof, but that also different alternatives are possible, all within the grasp of an expert in the art, without thereby departing from the protective scope thereof, as defined by the following claims. 

1. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the targets of users spread over a vast territory, comprising: electricity meters including means to measure the electric energy consumptions and associated with each user, concentrators, each concentrator being connected to a set of meters by a first means for the bi-directional transmission of data, said concentrators being connected to a central control and supervision unit through a second means for the bi-directional transmission of data, wherein: intelligence of the system is distributed between the central unit, the concentrators and the electricity meters; each meter including means to transduce the measured energy consumption values into measuring data a first processor to process said measuring data, a first memory, an output of said first processor being connected to said first memory to said first bi-directional transmission means so as to respectively at least temporarily store and/or transmit the processed measuring data processed by the first processor; each concentrator includes a second microprocessor for further processing said data processed by the meters, a second memory to store the processed data issued by said meters and/or by said second microprocessor, an output of said second processor being connected to said second memory and/or to said second bi-directional transmission means, so as to respectively at least temporarily store and/or transmit said further processed data; and at least one of the concentrators is configured to identify a repeater path by detecting at least one meter functioning as an intermediate bridge to another meter to permit communication between the other meter and the one concentrator via the repeater path.
 2. System as in claim 1, wherein said first data memory is configured to store the stored data, including during voltage drops, throughout a useful life of the electricity meter.
 3. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the distributed targets of users, as in claim 1, wherein said second processor of each concentrator is configured as a master of communications over a PLC (power line carrier) network on power supply line between a concentrator and electricity meters, and as a node for communications on a telephone line between the concentrator and the central server.
 4. System as in claim 1, wherein the central server is configured to perform bi-directional transmission of information associated with automation of services implemented by entities other than an owner of the network.
 5. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the distributed targets of users, as in claim 1, wherein the central server is configured to perform the following functions: automatic management of the operations of disconnection, reconnection, discontinuances, suspensions for delayed payments and contract variations; selective cut-off of the power supply due to requirements of the electric system; and downloading of operating programs.
 6. System as in claim 5, wherein the central server is configured to perform an operative function associated with prepayment.
 7. System as in claim 5, wherein the central server unit is configured to perform a function of safety and/or protection of a PLC communication with authentication key.
 8. System as in claim 5, wherein the central server unit is configured to perform a function of displaying operating data of the server unit and/or of the network.
 9. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the distributed targets of users, as in claim 1, wherein said first processor incorporated in each electricity meter is configured to perform at least the following functions: acquisition of the electric energy consumptions, distribution of the electric energy consumptions into different scales of charges, estimation of tampering attempts and control of an antifraud device, and transfer and maintenance of the stored data at least during a voltage drop.
 10. System as in claim 9, wherein the function of distributing the electric energy consumptions into different scales of charges is programmable on the basis of time profiles and/or power thresholds.
 11. System as in claim 9, wherein said first processor is configured to acquire and record profile of an electric energy consumptions of the user.
 12. System as in claim 11, wherein said first processor is configured to acquire and record the profile of the electric energy consumptions with a programmable integration period.
 13. System as in claim 9, wherein said first processor is configured to measure and record average and peak power.
 14. System as in claim 9, wherein said first processor is configured to manage two separate invoicing periods at variable intervals.
 15. System as in claim 9, wherein said first processor is configured to measure and record quality parameters of the service, such as interruptions and deviations of the voltage from the a nominal value indicated in an electric energy supply contract.
 16. System as in claim 9, wherein said first processor is configured to manage, with a required precision, a calendar clock configured to be remotely synchronised.
 17. System as in claim 9, wherein said first processor is configured to open a power circuit integrated in the electricity meter.
 18. System as in claim 17, wherein said first processor is configured to use a modular element equipped with a suitable releasing element configured to be opened by remote control to open the power circuit.
 19. System as in claim 9, wherein said first processor is configured to display data relating to the electric energy consumption and/or the operation of the electricity meter.
 20. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the targets of users spread over a vast territory, comprising: electricity meters including means to measure the electric energy consumptions and associated with each user, concentrators, each concentrator being connected to a set of meters by a first means for the bi-directional transmission of data, said concentrators being connected to a central control and supervision unit through a second means for the bi-directional transmission of data, wherein: intelligence of the system is distributed between the central unit, the concentrators and the electricity meters; each meter including means to transduce the measured energy consumption values into measuring data, a first processor to process said measuring data, and a first memory, an output of said first processor being connected to said first memory to said first bi-directional transmission means so as to respectively at least temporarily store and/or transmit the processed measuring data processed by the first processor; and each concentrator includes a second microprocessor for further processing said data processed by the meters, a second memory to store the processed data issued by said meters and/or by said second microprocessor, an output of said second processor being connected to said second memory and/or to said second bi-directional transmission means, so as to respectively at least temporarily store and/or transmit said further processed data, wherein said first processor is configured to manage two electric energy supply contracts in a power range up to 35 kw.
 21. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the targets of users spread over a vast territory, comprising: electricity meters including means to measure the electric energy consumptions and associated with each user, concentrators, each concentrator being connected to a set of meters by a first means for the bi-directional transmission of data, said concentrators being connected to a central control and supervision unit through a second means for the bi-directional transmission of data, wherein: intelligence of the system is distributed between the central unit, the concentrators and the electricity meters; each meter including means to transduce the measured energy consumption values into measuring data, a first processor to process said measuring data, and a first memory, an output of said first processor being connected to said first memory to said first bi-directional transmission means so as to respectively at least temporarily store and/or transmit the processed measuring data processed by the first processor; and each concentrator includes a second microprocessor for further processing said data processed by the meters, a second memory to store the processed data issued by said meters and/or by said second microprocessor, an output of said second processor being connected to said second memory and/or to said second bi-directional transmission means, so as to respectively at least temporarily store and/or transmit said further processed data, wherein said second processor of at least one concentrator is configured to perform the following functions: executing an energy balance for a power supply substation in which the concentrator is installed; monitoring of a working condition of each electricity meter connected thereto; and issuing an alarm signal in case self-diagnostics of the meter indicate a malfunction.
 22. System for the remote acquisition of data and for the remote control of the targets of users spread over a vast territory, comprising: electricity meters including means to measure the electric energy consumptions and associated with each user, concentrators, each concentrator being connected to a set of meters by a first means for the bi-directional transmission of data, said concentrators being connected to a central control and supervision unit through a second means for the bi-directional transmission of data, wherein: intelligence of the system is distributed between the central unit, the concentrators and the electricity meters; each meter including means to transduce the measured energy consumption values into measuring data, a first processor to process said measuring data, and a first memory, an output of said first processor being connected to said first memory to said first bi-directional transmission means so as to respectively at least temporarily store and/or transmit the processed measuring data processed by the first processor; and each concentrator includes a second microprocessor for further processing said data processed by the meters, a second memory to store the processed data issued by said meters and/or by said second microprocessor, an output of said second processor being connected to said second memory and/or to said second bi-directional transmission means, so as to respectively at least temporarily store and/or transmit said further processed data, wherein said second processor of at least one concentrator is configured to perform, in association with said energy balance, a function of detecting an unauthorized withdrawal. 